Introduction
Climate change is defined as the long-term change in regional or global climate trends. Climate change is often used to refer to a warming climate from the mid-20th century to the present day. Temperature and climate are often wrong. The ecosystem changes with the weather because it persists over a long period, while the climate can change from week to week or from season to season. Seasonal temperature, precipitation data, and wind patterns are part of the region’s climate. The climate differs from one place to another: the desert, for example, is characterized by a dry climate due to small waterfalls that fall throughout the year in the form of rain or snow. The other two types of climates are tropical temperatures, which are warm and humid, and temperate environments, with hot weather and milder winters.
Climate change refers to the difference in temperature change between an area and normal weather conditions. According to Nelson et al. (2018), “twenty-first-century challenges for food and nutritional security include worldwide obesity and persistent malnutrition among vulnerable populations, as well as persistent micronutrient deficiencies” (p. 773). Climate change can refer to a specific location or the entire world. Weather regimes may become less predictable as a result of climate change. As predicted, heat and rainfall can no longer be relied on; these unexpected weather conditions can maintain and develop agricultural regions. Climate change is also associated with more regular and powerful cyclones, floods, rainstorms, and blizzards.
Like fossil resources such as natural gas, oil, and charcoal, human activities are primarily responsible for climate change. A greenhouse gas is released into the Earth’s atmosphere when these substances are burned. These chemicals trap heat from direct sunlight in the air, increasing the overall temperature of the Earth. This rise in global temperature is called global warming. Global warming affects local and national ecosystems. The climate has constantly been changing throughout the history of the Earth. When this happens naturally, it is a long process that lasts hundreds of thousands of years.
Climate change caused by human activities is now happening much faster. This speech is written to motivate people to understand the issue of global warming and climate change. This issue affects all people on the planet, not individual nations, suggesting that both developed and developing governments are affected. The United States will be considered a developed country, and Bangladesh will be regarded as a developing nation.
American’s Refugees and Climate Situation
For the Americans, these are not the best times in terms of the climatic situation. An average American now has twenty percent more incredibly hot weeks than they did two decades ago, and the previous decade has been the hottest on record (Climate Impact Lab, 2021). Cyclones of any intensity have become more common and the most powerful – more than more frequent. If greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow at the same rate in recent decades, there could be several times more extremely hot days by the end of this century than there are today. In this scenario, more than half of the average temperatures in the United States could be higher than those in Bangladesh or Egypt.
Assessing the losses caused by climate change at the national and state levels is critical for evaluating the advantages of any policy that controls global warming and influences adaptation measures. Agriculture, crime, coastal floods, electricity, human death, and labor will be negatively impacted when the global mean temperature rises (Climate Impact Lab, 2021). Superstorm Sandy, who drowned entire towns and abandoned wrecked buildings in its aftermath, pushed hundreds of families from their homes and communities in Brooklyn in the 2010s. Many people have yet to be able to move back, and critical infrastructure is still being repaired.
Californians are at the cutting edge of technology as more devastating wildfires force more than 200,000 people to flee their homes. Nevertheless, everyone in America will soon understand what a climate migrant is. Given current predictions of sea-level rise and the threat it poses to coastal cities, up to 13 million Americans might become displaced by the end of the 21st century. That’s a lot of upheaval and insecurity along their beaches. Americans must leave their houses to escape the worst effects of the climate catastrophe, such as sea-level rise, flooding, wildfires, storms, and shortages. Furthermore, many people lack the money to simply pack up and go, making the dislocation all the more dangerous.
Climate change will significantly impact southern littoral countries, including greater temperatures and increased coastal destruction from hurricanes and sea-level rise. Climate change will have less of an impact on colder, more northern parts of the United States. This will impose greater damage on places that must already have limited resources to adjust. Though the effects of global warming will be felt more acutely in certain areas than others, no area of the country will be immune. Florida or Texas still need federal help because of storms, and a Midwestern warmth with poor agricultural consequences will influence people’s lives there.
Americans have resisted temperature changes in their environment for decades. Politicians that downplay climate threats and costly subsidies and incentives geared at resisting nature affect the judgments about where to live. Many vulnerable individuals in the developing world may strive to leave the looming dangers of climate change, seeking cold weather, more supplies, and protection. On the other hand, individuals in the United States have primarily flocked toward ecological peril, constructing along beaches from New Jersey to Florida and expanding throughout the sunny deserts of the Southwest.
After leaving America unprepared for what comes next, authorities must now make painful decisions about which towns to preserve – frequently at excessive rates – and which to forfeit. Their actions will almost certainly split the country, with the most vulnerable doomed to a horrific future where they will be forced to fend for themselves. These disturbances will not wait for the worst ecological changes to occur. The wave starts when the personal assessment of risk begins to alter as the ecological danger spreads beyond the most vulnerable and shakes the health and monetary security of larger, richer segments of society. It starts when even areas like California become unsafe.
Climate change policies have been contested at the federal, state, and municipal levels, but the resulting legislation varies greatly. Although the United States Congress has not passed a major greenhouse gas emission reduction plan, the current administration and plaintiffs have utilized long-standing ecological statutes to impose regulations and voluntary exchange. The national government has the only authority to control automobile emissions, but the state of California has been given a waiver to enact more strict standards. The federal administration’s early evacuation initiatives save taxpayers millions of dollars in the long run. Instead of constantly reconstructing frequently destroyed homes and livelihoods, as is regrettably all too often the case, relocation saves taxpayers money. It contributes to ensuring that societies may flourish in safer conditions.
Bangladesh’s Refugees and Climate Situation
Bangladesh may choose to follow national or California regulations; EU member states have the right to limit emissions from power plant sources, and many of them have achieved this. State and municipal authorities monitor building standards, and in certain situations, they have been changed to demand improvements in energy efficiency. Governments at all levels can reduce pollution from their activities, including through dedicated buildings, buying electric and hybrid vehicles, and reducing waste, and some have done just that.
Opposition to emission regulations claims that they impede economic growth in the fossil fuel sector and impose unnecessary costs on vehicles, electricity consumers, and property owners. Some also argue that severe environmental restrictions infringe on personal rights and that informed consumer choice should determine the environmental impact of economic activity. Regulators argue that the market is not a zero-sum game and that tailor-made solutions have not been enough to prevent the harmful and costly impacts of global heating.
For decades, developed and developing countries have been trying to provide a tool to tackle climate problems. Some governments are funding projects to increase jobs in green energy businesses, such as wind farms. No such measures have been taken in areas that are heavily dependent on coal mining. They are in recession due to competition from cheaper natural gas and environmental regulations that make coal-fired power generation unprofitable due to significant CO2 and other pollutant emissions compared to alternative fuels.
Bangladesh is widely recognized for its high vulnerability to the detrimental consequences of climate change due to its low-lying river basin, lengthy shoreline, and riverbeds that span 80 percent of the nation. But, climate change has caused more than simply floods and storms in Bangladesh.
Changing and unstable weather conditions also affect people’s physical and emotional well-being. Global warming has begun to have an effect on Bangladeshi health, with a rise in respiratory ailments, mosquito-borne illnesses such as dengue fever, and mental problems. Bangladeshis have long utilized migration as a coping technique due to the country’s natural sensitivity to catastrophic weather. However, as changing climate worsens circumstances, more people are displaced, and frequent and intense dangers cause land. Storms, hurricanes, dryness, landslides, earthquakes, flooding, and saltwater intrusion are already uprooting many people.
Bangladesh is a country for which global warming is generally difficult to perceive. From 1976 and 2019, Bangladesh witnessed an overall temperature increase of 0.5°C (World Bank Group, 2021). The rise in increasing temperature has been demonstrated to be constant monthly, with the period of February through November being hotter. The increase in temperature rise has not been consistent across the country. For example, between 1976 and 2019, maximum temperatures in the eastern sections grew by 0.9°C, compared to a 0.5°C rise in the center regions spanning Dhaka and nearby districts (World Bank Group, 2021). In general, summertime is getting extended, winters are getting hotter, and the monsoon is becoming more unpredictable than usual.
The Global Climate Risk Index ranks Bangladesh as one of the worst impacted nations globally by severe weather events over the previous two decades. Defining features of rising seas over the next several decades, an estimated 15 to 30 million Bangladeshis, if not more, might be evacuated from coastal areas (United States Institute of Peace, 2021). According to a 2018 US government research, 90 million Bangladeshis live in high climatic exposure zones, with 53 million vulnerable to extremely high exposure (United States Institute of Peace, 2021). The climate risk to children in developing countries is incredibly high – the index’s most serious grade.
Bangladeshis in seaside areas have already begun moving inland, largely to metropolitan areas, due to the complicated combination of poverty and climate change. Climate-driven migration and poverty will cause or aggravate conflict and human rights concerns due to inadequate local administration, poor urban management, and existing ethnoreligious tensions creating underlying internal instability. Bangladesh is a prime illustration of why US officials should pursue a strong climate plan that considers the short-term consequences of climate change on conflicts, civil rights, and administration. Rising sea levels have accelerated the salinization procedure.
Seawater sources have become polluted with salt, exposing the 30 million people who depend on them to health risks such as preeclampsia during childbirth, acute respiratory infections, and dermatological illnesses. Aside from these consequences, coastal areas are seeing a rise in the frequency and severity of natural catastrophes, including loss of life, damage to homes, enterprises, and services, and disruption of farming and other industries.
Bangladesh, as a developing country, has prioritized the development of urbanization. Although the majority of Bangladeshis continue to reside in rural regions, the urban population has steadily increased since the country’s inception in 1971, as individuals seek education and economic possibilities in more developed locations (United States Institute of Peace, 2021). Dhaka, the capital of the country, was one of the fastest cities in the world during the previous decade in terms of urbanization. Dhaka’s population is now believed to be above 20 million, and it is expected to continue to grow. However, Bangladesh’s fast industrialization has not been accompanied by necessary infrastructural upgrades and ecological safeguards, exacerbating daily issues.
Bangladesh’s government has made significant investments to prevent the effects of global warming, but more is likely to be needed. As the Biden government refocuses America’s attention on global warming and the globe flails with the current IPCC report. Governments must acknowledge that changing climate is a protracted issue with relatively brief consequences for human rights, leadership, and war. Foreign donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and relevant communities in Bangladesh and other equally susceptible nations should begin increasing initiatives to address the impending social cost of changing climate. Millions of citizens in Bangladesh, which is traversed by thousands of streams, struggle from floods each year during June-September rainfall when waterways that flow into the Bay of Bengal breach their bounds.
Conclusion
Climate refugees are a phenomenon that will accompany humanity for a long time. In many regions, climate migration will result in the convergence of historically disparate religious, ethnic, and racial groupings; if not violent, tensions are probable. Programs that promote common understanding, conversation, compassion, and resolution can help alleviate the situation. While foreign entities can provide direct assistance for such efforts, they should also help domestic NGOs and municipal councils develop and implement resolving conflict plans.
Although the suffering caused by global warming is inevitable, it is impossible to lure people with mental health problems related to the warming into extremist organizations. Response programs that promote pacifism and multiculturalism, as well as active, neutralized operations, can help to reduce the appeal of extremist beliefs. Furthermore, as part of its continuous assistance for elementary education in Bangladesh and abroad, the United States may foster the teaching of plurality, rights, and cultural harmony.
As rural residents move to cities, their farming skillsets lose value. Joblessness or poverty that results feeds harmful income creation such as child workers, sexual exploitation, and other types of criminality. Poverty also offers an incentive for young daughters to marry off to minimize the family’s financial burden. Jobs training and employment services courses can help to prevent these harmful revenue practices.
As migrants increase the population of urban areas and compete for jobs in developing nations, inadequate administration and provision of services are frequently stretched. Furthermore, increased criminal conduct as a result of unemployment necessitates a competent rule of law. Capacity-building initiatives can improve state and central government authorities’ abilities to plan and implement policies that increase access to government services. Cross-border migration flows are unavoidable, and diplomatic tensions among neighboring are imminent. Institutions should make international conferences on the consequences of migration a regular occurrence and cooperate toward mutually advantageous treaties to mitigate the consequences of climate change and address the concerns of displaced people.
References
Climate Impact Lab. (2021). Climate change and the US economic future. Web.
Nelson, G., Bogard, J., Lividini, K., Arsenault, J., Riley, M., Sulser, T. B., & Rosegrant, M. (2018). Income growth and climate change effects on global nutrition security to mid-century. Nature Sustainability, 1(12), 773-781.
United States Institute of Peace. (2021). How climate change deepens Bangladesh’s fragility. Web.
World Bank Group. (2021). Climate change in Bangladesh: Impact on infectious diseases and mental health. World Bank. Web.